Supreme Court Rules Compromise Decree Affirming Pre-Existing Property Rights Exempt from Registration and Stamp Duty: Sets Aside High Court and Revenue Authorities’ Orders, Directs Mutation in Favor of Appellant
Supreme Court Rules Compromise Decree Affirming Pre-Existing Property Rights Exempt from Registration and Stamp Duty: Sets Aside High Court and Revenue Authorities’ Orders, Directs Mutation in Favor of Appellant

Supreme Court Rules Compromise Decree Affirming Pre-Existing Property Rights Exempt from Registration and Stamp Duty: Sets Aside High Court and Revenue Authorities’ Orders, Directs Mutation in Favor of Appellant

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Court’s Decision:

The Supreme Court allowed the appeal, holding that:

  1. A compromise decree that merely affirms pre-existing rights over immovable property does not require registration under Section 17(2)(vi) of the Registration Act, 1908.
  2. Such a decree is not chargeable with stamp duty under the Indian Stamp Act, 1899, as it does not create new rights but confirms pre-existing ones. The Court set aside the orders of the High Court, Board of Revenue, and Collector of Stamps, and directed the authorities to mutate the revenue records in favor of the appellant.

Facts:

  1. The appellant filed a civil suit seeking:
    • A declaration that he was the owner of a specific parcel of land.
    • A permanent injunction to prevent the second respondent from selling or interfering with the property.
  2. The appellant claimed long and continuous possession of the land through cultivation.
  3. The suit was resolved via a compromise decree between the appellant and the second respondent. The decree affirmed the appellant’s ownership and possession of the land.
  4. Based on this decree, the appellant applied for mutation of the land in revenue records. However, the Tehsildar referred the matter to the Collector of Stamps.
  5. The Collector determined that stamp duty amounting to ₹6,67,500 was payable under Article 22 of Schedule IA of the Indian Stamp Act, 1899.
  6. The appellant challenged this order before the Board of Revenue, which dismissed the appeal. The High Court upheld this decision, relying on a prior judgment that deemed such decrees registrable and subject to stamp duty.

Issues:

  1. Does a compromise decree confirming pre-existing rights require registration under the Registration Act, 1908?
  2. Is a compromise decree liable to stamp duty under the Indian Stamp Act, 1899?

Petitioner’s Arguments:

  1. Pre-Existing Rights: The decree merely affirmed the appellant’s pre-existing rights and did not create new rights over the property.
  2. Exemption from Registration: Under Section 17(2)(vi) of the Registration Act, decrees confirming pre-existing rights over suit property are exempt from registration.
  3. No Stamp Duty: The decree is not chargeable with stamp duty as it does not fall within the definition of “conveyance” under the Indian Stamp Act.
  4. Misapplication of Precedent: The High Court erred in relying on Siddhulal’s case, as it involved different facts and circumstances.

Respondent’s Arguments:

  1. New Rights Created: The decree allegedly created new rights for the appellant over the disputed property, making it subject to both registration and stamp duty.
  2. Collusion Alleged: The respondents argued that the decree was collusive and intended to evade stamp duty.
  3. Title Dispute: The subject land was not recorded in the appellant’s name in revenue records, indicating a dispute regarding ownership.

Analysis of the Law:

Registration Act, 1908

  1. Section 17(1): Requires registration for instruments that create, declare, assign, limit, or extinguish rights over immovable property.
  2. Section 17(2)(vi): Exempts court decrees from registration unless:
    • The decree is based on a compromise.
    • It pertains to immovable property not originally part of the suit.
  3. Supreme Court’s Findings:
    • The compromise decree in this case pertained solely to the suit property and affirmed the appellant’s pre-existing rights.
    • No new rights were created through the decree, making it exempt from registration.

Indian Stamp Act, 1899

  1. Section 3 and Schedule IA: Prescribe stamp duty for specific instruments, including conveyances of immovable property.
  2. Supreme Court’s Findings:
    • A compromise decree affirming pre-existing rights is not a conveyance and does not transfer new rights.
    • Therefore, it does not attract stamp duty under the Act.

Precedent Analysis:

  1. Bhoop Singh v. Ram Singh: Held that a decree creating new rights requires registration and stamp duty.
  2. Mohd. Yusuf v. Rajkumar: Clarified that decrees affirming pre-existing rights do not require registration.
  3. Ravinder Kaur Grewal v. Manjit Kaur: Established that continuous adverse possession can confer ownership rights, usable as both a shield and a sword in legal proceedings.

Court’s Reasoning:

  1. The appellant demonstrated long possession of the land, reinforcing his pre-existing rights.
  2. The compromise decree did not transfer new rights but confirmed ownership already held by the appellant.
  3. Allegations of collusion were unsupported by evidence.
  4. The High Court’s reliance on prior judgments was misplaced, as subsequent Supreme Court rulings had clarified the law on registration and stamp duty requirements for such decrees.

Conclusion:

The Supreme Court overturned the High Court’s order and directed the mutation of revenue records in favor of the appellant. It held that:

  1. The compromise decree did not require registration as it pertained to the suit property and affirmed pre-existing rights.
  2. The decree was not chargeable with stamp duty as it did not fall within the instruments defined in the Indian Stamp Act.

Implications:

  1. The judgment emphasizes the legal distinction between decrees creating new rights and those affirming pre-existing rights.
  2. It reduces procedural burdens for litigants, particularly in cases involving compromise decrees that do not involve fresh property rights.
  3. The ruling strengthens clarity and consistency in the application of the Registration Act and Stamp Act to court decrees.

Also Read – Supreme Court Upholds Divorce on Grounds of Mental Cruelty and Desertion: “False Complaints and 15-Year Separation Prove Irretrievable Breakdown of Marriage; ₹1 Crore Awarded for Alimony and Child’s Future”

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    stabil, Exness memastikan bahwa order Anda dieksekusi
    dengan tepat waktu, sehingga Anda tidak akan melewatkan peluang
    pasar yang berharga.

    Keunggulan lain yang ditawarkan Exness adalah akses ke berbagai instrumen keuangan, termasuk forex, saham, indeks, dan cryptocurrency.
    Dengan berbagai pilihan ini, trader dapat memilih instrumen yang sesuai dengan keahlian mereka
    dan mengembangkan portofolio yang lebih beragam. Tidak hanya itu, Exness juga memberikan akses ke berbagai alat analisis teknikal dan fundamental yang dapat membantu trader membuat keputusan yang lebih
    baik dan lebih cerdas.

    Keamanan dana adalah prioritas utama di Exness. Exness
    terdaftar oleh berbagai otoritas keuangan terkemuka di dunia, memastikan bahwa semua transaksi yang dilakukan aman dan terjamin. Dengan sistem
    keamanan yang canggih dan perlindungan terhadap data pribadi dan dana trader, Anda bisa bertrading dengan tenang.

    Tidak hanya itu, Exness menyediakan layanan pelanggan yang responsif dan siap membantu kapan saja.
    Layanan pelanggan yang profesional siap memberikan bantuan kapan pun Anda membutuhkannya, menjadikan pengalaman trading Anda semakin nyaman dan aman.

    Dengan semua keunggulan tersebut, Exness adalah broker yang sangat tepat bagi trader di Indonesia yang ingin meraih kesuksesan dalam dunia trading.
    Jadi, jika Anda ingin bergabung dengan broker terpercaya yang
    menawarkan banyak keuntungan, Exness adalah pilihan yang
    tidak bisa Anda lewatkan!

  104. Today, I went to the beach front with my children. I found a sea shell and gave it to my 4 year
    old daughter and said “You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.” She placed the shell to her ear
    and screamed. There was a hermit crab inside and it pinched her ear.
    She never wants to go back! LoL I know this is completely off topic but I had to tell someone!

  105. Exness telah lama menjadi pilihan utama bagi banyak trader di seluruh dunia,
    dan kini semakin populer di Indonesia. Dengan berbagai fitur canggih, Exness menawarkan pengalaman trading yang luar biasa bagi para trader, baik pemula maupun yang sudah berpengalaman.
    Mengapa Exness bisa menjadi pilihan yang tepat? Mari kita bahas lebih dalam tentang alasan mengapa Exness layak dipertimbangkan sebagai broker trading utama Anda.

    Salah satu alasan utama mengapa banyak trader memilih
    Exness adalah spread rendah yang mereka tawarkan. Dalam
    dunia trading, biaya transaksi sangat penting, dan Exness menawarkan spread yang jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan banyak
    broker lainnya. Dengan biaya transaksi yang lebih rendah, para trader bisa
    mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih besar, bahkan pada transaksi dengan volume kecil.

    Selain itu, Exness juga menawarkan berbagai jenis akun yang dapat disesuaikan dengan berbagai
    gaya trading. Bagi mereka yang baru mulai, Exness memiliki akun dengan setoran awal yang sangat terjangkau, sehingga siapa
    saja bisa mulai trading tanpa risiko besar. Bagi trader berpengalaman, Exness menawarkan akun dengan leverage tinggi, yang memungkinkan mereka untuk memperbesar potensi keuntungan mereka.

    Exness dikenal dengan eksekusi order yang sangat cepat dan akurat.

    Kecepatan dalam mengeksekusi order adalah hal yang sangat
    penting, terutama bagi trader yang melakukan trading
    harian atau scalping. Dengan teknologi canggih dan platform
    yang stabil, Exness memastikan bahwa order Anda dieksekusi dengan tepat
    waktu, sehingga Anda tidak akan melewatkan peluang pasar yang berharga.

    Salah satu fitur menarik yang ditawarkan Exness adalah akses
    ke berbagai instrumen keuangan, termasuk forex, saham, indeks, dan cryptocurrency.
    Dengan berbagai pilihan ini, trader dapat memilih instrumen yang sesuai dengan keahlian mereka dan mengembangkan portofolio yang lebih beragam.
    Tidak hanya itu, Exness juga memberikan akses ke berbagai alat
    analisis teknikal dan fundamental yang dapat membantu trader membuat keputusan yang lebih baik dan lebih cerdas.

    Keamanan dana adalah prioritas utama di Exness. Broker ini terdaftar dan diawasi oleh berbagai otoritas keuangan terkemuka di
    dunia, memastikan bahwa semua transaksi yang dilakukan aman dan terjamin. Dengan sistem keamanan yang
    canggih dan perlindungan terhadap data pribadi dan dana trader, Anda bisa bertrading dengan tenang.

    Tidak hanya itu, Exness menyediakan layanan pelanggan yang responsif
    dan siap membantu kapan saja. Dengan dukungan dalam berbagai bahasa siap memberikan bantuan kapan pun Anda membutuhkannya,
    menjadikan pengalaman trading Anda semakin nyaman dan aman.

    Dengan semua keunggulan tersebut, Exness adalah broker yang sangat tepat bagi
    trader di Indonesia yang ingin meraih kesuksesan dalam dunia trading.
    Jadi, jika Anda ingin bergabung dengan broker terpercaya yang
    menawarkan banyak keuntungan, Exness adalah pilihan yang tidak bisa Anda lewatkan!

  106. Exness telah lama menjadi pilihan utama bagi banyak trader di seluruh dunia, dan kini semakin populer di Indonesia.
    Dengan berbagai fitur canggih, Exness menawarkan pengalaman trading
    yang luar biasa bagi para trader, baik pemula maupun yang sudah berpengalaman. Mengapa Exness bisa menjadi pilihan yang tepat?
    Mari kita bahas lebih dalam tentang alasan mengapa Exness layak dipertimbangkan sebagai broker trading utama Anda.

    Salah satu alasan utama mengapa banyak trader memilih Exness adalah spread rendah yang mereka tawarkan. Dalam dunia trading, biaya transaksi
    sangat penting, dan Exness menawarkan spread
    yang jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan banyak broker lainnya.
    Dengan biaya transaksi yang lebih rendah, para trader bisa mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih besar,
    bahkan pada transaksi dengan volume kecil.

    Tidak hanya itu, Exness juga menawarkan berbagai
    jenis akun yang dapat disesuaikan dengan berbagai gaya trading.
    Bagi trader pemula, Exness memiliki akun dengan setoran awal
    yang sangat terjangkau, sehingga siapa saja bisa
    mulai trading tanpa risiko besar. Bagi mereka yang lebih berpengalaman, Exness menawarkan akun dengan leverage tinggi,
    yang memungkinkan mereka untuk memperbesar potensi keuntungan mereka.

    Exness dikenal dengan eksekusi order yang sangat cepat dan akurat.
    Kecepatan dalam mengeksekusi order adalah hal yang sangat penting,
    terutama bagi trader yang melakukan trading harian atau scalping.
    Dengan teknologi canggih dan platform yang stabil,
    Exness memastikan bahwa order Anda dieksekusi dengan tepat waktu, sehingga Anda
    tidak akan melewatkan peluang pasar yang berharga.

    Keunggulan lain yang ditawarkan Exness adalah akses ke berbagai instrumen keuangan, termasuk
    forex, saham, indeks, dan cryptocurrency. Dengan berbagai pilihan ini,
    trader dapat memilih instrumen yang sesuai dengan keahlian mereka dan mengembangkan portofolio yang lebih beragam.
    Selain itu, Exness juga memberikan akses ke berbagai alat analisis teknikal dan fundamental
    yang dapat membantu trader membuat keputusan yang lebih baik dan lebih cerdas.

    Keamanan adalah prioritas utama di Exness. Broker ini
    terdaftar dan diawasi oleh berbagai otoritas keuangan terkemuka di dunia, memastikan bahwa semua transaksi yang dilakukan aman dan terjamin.
    Dengan sistem keamanan yang canggih dan perlindungan terhadap data pribadi dan dana
    trader, Anda bisa bertrading dengan tenang.

    Tidak hanya itu, Exness menyediakan layanan pelanggan yang responsif dan siap membantu kapan saja.
    Dengan dukungan dalam berbagai bahasa siap memberikan bantuan kapan pun Anda membutuhkannya, menjadikan pengalaman trading Anda
    semakin nyaman dan aman.

    Dengan semua keunggulan tersebut, Exness adalah broker yang sangat tepat bagi
    trader di Indonesia yang ingin meraih kesuksesan dalam dunia trading.

    Jadi, jika Anda ingin bergabung dengan broker terpercaya yang menawarkan banyak keuntungan, Exness adalah pilihan yang tidak bisa Anda lewatkan!

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